Manufacturing Industries And Products

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INTRODUCTION

Making things has been an essential activity of human civilizations since before recorded history. Today, the term manufacturing is used for this activity. For technological and economic reasons, manufacturing is important to the welfare of the United States and most other developed and developing nations. Technology can be defined as the application of science to provide society and its members with those things that are needed or desired. Technology affects our daily lives, directly and indirectly, in many ways. Consider the list of products in Table 1.1. They represent various technologies that help our society and its members to live better. What do all these products have in common? They are all manufactured. These technological wonders would not be available to our society if they could not be manufactured. Manufacturing is the critical factor that makes technology possible. Economically, manufacturing is an important means by which a nation creates material wealth. In the United States, the manufacturing industries account for only about 12% of gross domestic product (GDP). A country’s natural resources, such as agricultural lands, mineral deposits, and oil reserves, also create wealth. In the U.S., agriculture, mining, and similar industries account for less than 5% of GDP (agriculture alone is only about 1%). Construction and public utilities make up around 5%. The rest is service industries, which include retail, transportation, banking, communication, education, and government. The service sector accounts for more than 75% of U.S. GDP. Government (federal, state, and local) accounts for more of GDP than the manufacturing sector; however, government services do not create wealth. In the modern global economy, a nation must have a strong manufacturing base (or it must have significant natural resources) if it is to provide a strong economy and a high standard of living for its people. The word manufacture is derived from two Latin words, manus (hand) and factus (make); the combination means made by hand. The English word manufacture is several centuries old, and “made by hand” accurately described the manual methods used when the word was first coined.1 Most modern manufacturing is accomplished by automated and computer-controlled machinery.

 

METHODE

In the manufacturing industry, there are various methods used to produce products efficiently and with high quality. Here are some common methods in industrial manufacturing along with brief descriptions:

  1. Lean Manufacturing: This method aims to reduce waste in the production process. The main principle is to achieve efficiency through eliminating activities that do not add value to the product, such as unnecessary movements, waiting times and excess inventory.
  2. Six Sigma: This approach focuses on quality control and reducing variations in the production process. The goal is to achieve a very low error rate (approximately 3.4 per 1 million products), by identifying the root causes of quality problems and eliminating them.
  3. Total Quality Management (TQM): This is a management philosophy that places emphasis on the overall quality of products and services. TQM involves the participation of all levels of the organization to achieve continuous improvement in quality and productivity.
  4. 4) Just-In-Time (JIT): This approach leads to producing products only when needed by customers, reducing unnecessary inventory. The goal is to avoid storage costs and increase flexibility in responding to changes in demand.
  5. Kanban: This is a production control system that works by using cards or other visual cues to control material flow and production. Kanban helps ensure production based on actual demand.
  6. Poka-Yoke: Also known as “mistake-proofing”, this method involves using devices or designs that prevent human error during the production process, reducing the chance of defects.
  7. Mass Production: This method involves the production of large quantities using a structured production flow. It relies on consistent standards and specifications to achieve efficiency in production.
  8. Batch Production: In this method, products are produced in smaller batches (batches) instead of mass production. This allows flexibility in dealing with variations in demand and reduces the risk of defects in a product.
  9. Custom Production: This method involves the production of products based on individual orders. This is often used for specialty products or low-demand products.
  10. Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS): FMS is a combination of machines, robots and other automation systems that enable fast and flexible production of a wide variety of products.
  11. Computer Numerical Control (CNC): CNC involves using computers to control production machines, such as machine tools and milling machines, to ensure high precision and quality.
  12. Additive Manufacturing: Also known as 3D printing, this method involves creating a product by gradually adding layers of material. This allows for the rapid creation of complex and custom shapes. Each method has advantages and disadvantages depending on the type of product, market demand, and production goals. Many companies combine several of these methods to achieve the best results.

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

I can give an overview of the results and discussion in the course “Industrial Manufacturing and Products.” However, keep in mind that the content of this course may vary depending on the program of study, institution, and curriculum used. Below are some general topics that might be discussed in the course: Industrial Manufacturing Introduction: Basic concept of industrial manufacturing The role of manufacturing in the economy and society. Types of manufacturing processes: discrete vs. sustainable production. Production Techniques: Machining processes: understanding, types of machines, cutting tools, and machining techniques. Forming process: metal forming, casting and extrusion. Joining process: welding, gluing and nailing. Materials in Manufacturing: Material selection based on properties and applications. Understanding the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of materials. Material thermal and surface treatment. Advanced Manufacturing Process: Computeraided manufacturing (CAM). Automation and robotics in manufacturing. Eco-friendly and sustainable manufacturing. Quality and Quality Control: Definition of product quality. Quality measurement and control. Nondestructive testing method. Product Design for Manufacturing: Product design principles that consider the manufacturing process. Reduction of production costs through efficient design. The link between product design and manufacturing success. Supply Chain Management (Supply Chain Management): Introduction to supply chain. Coordination of production, distribution and inventory management. Supply chain efficiency in a manufacturing context. Occupational Safety and Health (K3) in Manufacturing: The importance of OSH in a manufacturing environment. Identification and handling of work risks. Safety regulations and standards in the manufacturing industry. Latest Innovations and Technologies in Manufacturing: The latest developments in manufacturing technology. Digitization, Industry 4.0, and the Internet of Things (IoT) in manufacturing. The impact of the latest technologies on production processes and products. Case Studies and Manufacturing Projects: Analysis of real case studies in the world of manufacturing. Projects involving product planning, development, and production. Keep in mind that each curriculum can specialize in certain topics based on its focus, such as metal manufacturing, electronics manufacturing, or sustainable manufacturing. If you want more detailed information about this course, it is advisable to refer to the textbooks or academic resources used by your institution.

 

CONCLUSION

Industrial and product manufacturing is a field that involves the mass production of goods using coordinated technology, machinery and labour. In understanding this material, several important conclusions can be drawn: Role of Manufacturing in the Economy: Manufacturing is the backbone of the economy of many countries. Mass production processes allow products to be produced at lower costs, which in turn increases productivity and economic growth. Technology and Automation: The manufacturing industry is increasingly adopting technology and automation to improve production efficiency and quality. Robotics, smart automation and computer-based systems are increasingly dominating the factory floor. Product Quality: Good manufacturing should focus on product quality. Consistent and high quality is the key to winning customer trust and maintaining market share. Production Process: The production process involves a series of steps from planning, designing, raw material procurement, production, testing, to distribution. Each of these steps must be carefully managed to achieve optimal results. Lean Manufacturing: This approach prioritizes the reduction of waste (waste) in all its forms, such as time, raw materials and labor. The goal is to increase efficiency and reduce production costs. Supply Chain Management: Industrial manufacturing involves coordinating with various suppliers, parts manufacturers and partners in the supply chain. Managing the supply chain well is important to maintain smooth production. Product and Process Innovation: Manufacturing also involves innovation in the development of new products and improvement of production processes. Constant innovation is required to keep companies competitive in a changing market. Sustainability: The presence of industrial manufacturing also poses environmental challenges. It is important to adopt sustainable practices in production, such as the use of environmentally friendly materials and effective waste management. Workforce: Despite the increase in automation, human labor remains important in manufacturing. Technical skills and in-depth knowledge of production processes are still urgently needed. Globalization: Industrial manufacturing often involves global supply chains, where various components and products are produced in different countries. This results in a complex economic ecosystem that requires cross-border cooperation. In conclusion, industrial and product manufacturing is a crucial component of the global economy, with a focus on efficiency, quality, innovation and supply chain management. Technological developments and the need for sustainability also continue to shape the direction of development in this industry.

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Manufacturing Industries And Products

Afiff yudha tripariyanto

Program Studi Teknik Industri,Universitas Kadiri

E-mail: afiff@unik-kediri.ac.id

 

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